The Mountains System of Himachal Pradesh | Himachal General Knowledge | Himachal Pariksha
The Lower Hills or Shivaliks Hills
This area of Hills is also called the outer Himalayas. These are the outer most hills of the State that Stretch along its Southern boundary from East to West with average elevation of 600 meters and steep Southern slopes. Comprising the lower parts of district Kangra, Hamirpur, Una, Bilaspur and Lower parts of Mandi, Solan and Sirmaur are know as Shivalik hills. The annual rainfall of this zone varies from 1500 mm to 1800 mm. The altitude of this zone is from 350 meters to 1500 meters above sea level. The Shivalik hills also called 'Manak Parbat'.
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Dhauladhar Range
The Dhauladhar range of Himalaya looks in supreme majesty at all over the Kangra Valley and presenting the fascinate panorama of Himalaya. It is also called 'The White Range'. The front of this range of Himalaya is about 4550mtrs, while the above Kangra Valley i.e. the rise of Dhauladhar is just 3600mtrs only. Dhauladhar range in Chamba district makes Southern boundary of the district and divide it from Kangra district. Hathi Dhar is another range quite clearly visible in this region.
The Inner Himalaya or Mid-Mountains
This part of the Himalays also called the Lower Himalayas. It covers the central part of Himachal Pradesh. In this zone of Himalaya falls areas like: upper area and some tehsils of Mandi district, areas of Sirmaur district, Karsog and Chachiot tehsils of Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, upper hills of Shimla and Palampur (of Kangra district), upper portion of Kangra and upper portion of Churah tehsil of Chamba district of Himachal. The altitude of this zone varies from 1500 meteres to 4500 meters above sea level.
Mussoorie Ridge
This imposing ridge runs Westward from Mussoorie in Uttrakhand and crosses to Himachal Pradesh in the North of Sataun, where it is cut via the Yamuna river. There after it travels to the North of the Giri river before ending in the Churdhar range of hills. It is the highest apex in the below Himalayas between Shimla and Sirmaur districts.
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Pir Panjal Range
The Lesser Himalays is marked by a gradual elevation towards Pir Panjal. The Northern flank of the Dhauladhar range (average elevation 4600 meters) at the mountain knot of Bara benghal. Pir Panjal range in Chamba district forms a longitudanal mountains tract stretching from North-West to South-East direction between Ravi basin in the South and Chandra Valley in the North. It is a large mountain range and extends from Chamba district to Northern Kullu district and adjoining part of Kangra and Lahaul-Spiti districts. Beas river begins from the Beas Kund (3540mtrs) near Rohtang in the Pir Panjal region.
Shimla Ridge
The Shimla ridge forms the watershed of the Ganga and Indus rivers.
Trans-Himalayas
This is a area of an average front of over 3000mtrs. This Physiographic unit comprises of areas located to North of the Main or Great Himalayan range. This zone makes mainly Lahaul-Spiti and Pooh districts of Kinnaur district.
The Greater Himalaya or Alpine Zone
This zone comparies Kinnaur district, Pangi-tehsil of Chamba district and some areas of Lahaul-Spiti. The altitude of this portion is varies from 4500mtrs and above from the sea level. The rainfall in scanty in this zone. Climate is temperate in Summer and semiarctic in winter. Climate and soil is best suuited to the cultivation of dry fruits. The range is also called the Northern Zone. The Great Himalayan range having an elevation between 4500 meters to 6000 meters of a towering snow clad ridge.This Alpine and Arid Zone which consists of Lahaul, Spiti, Kinnaur (Pooh) and Pangi portion is totally a tribal belt. The Valleys secluded and protected by the deep jungles and the high mountains evolved a distinct civilization that has produced and preserved some of the most intersting remants of great historical significance.
Zanskar Range
The Zanskar range stretching South Eastwards from Ladakh is the most prominent mountain range of the trans-Himalayan part of Himachal Pradesh. It separates Spiti and Kinnaur from Tibet. It has numerous peaks having an elevation of around 6500 meters. It is only in summer that occasional tufts of grasses and natural flowers appear on the mountain slopes.
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